Hackensack, New Jersey

For other uses, see: Hackensack
City of Hackensack
—  City (New Jersey)  —
Nickname(s): A City in Motion[1]
Location of Hackensack within Bergen County, New Jersey.
Census Bureau map of Hackensack, New Jersey
Coordinates:
Country United States
State New Jersey
County Bergen
Settled 1665 (as New Barbadoes)
Incorporated October 31, 1693 (as New Barbadoes Township)
Incorporated November 21, 1921 (as a city under current name)
Government[2]
 - Type 1923 Municipal Manager Law
 - Mayor Michael R. Melfi
 - City manager Stephen Lo Iacono[3]
Area
 - Total 4.3 sq mi (11.2 km2)
 - Land 4.1 sq mi (10.7 km2)
 - Water 0.2 sq mi (0.5 km2)  4.41%
Elevation[4] 20 ft (6 m)
Population (2009)[5]
 - Total 42,839
 - Density 10,358.3/sq mi (3,999.4/km2)
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 - Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code 07601
Area code(s) 201
FIPS code 34-28680[6][7]
GNIS feature ID 0876855[8]
Website http://www.hackensack.org

Hackensack is a city in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States and the county seat of Bergen County.[9] Although informally called Hackensack, it was officially named New Barbadoes Township until 1921. As of the United States 2000 Census, the city population was 42,677. The Census Bureau's 2006 population estimate projects a population of 43,671. An inner-ring suburb of New York City, Hackensack is located approximately 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Midtown Manhattan, and about 7 miles from the George Washington Bridge. From a number of locations one can see the New York City skyline.

The city is known for a great diversity of neighborhoods and land uses existing in very close proximity to each other. Within its borders are a massive medical center, a trendy high-rise district about a mile long, classic suburban neighborhoods of single-family houses, stately older homes on acre-plus lots, older two-family neighborhoods, large garden apartment complexes, industrial areas, a jail, a tidal river, two County-owned nature preserves, various city parks, large office buildings, a major college campus, a small-city downtown district with a Courthouse, and various small neighborhood business districts. With so many land uses, establishing a single identity for the city is difficult.

Hackensack is notable among the urban centers of New Jersey as being relatively vibrant economically and with an exceptionally low crime rate. Zoning and property mainenance are high priorities, and abandoned houses are virtually non-existent. Hackensack is not an Abbott district, and the performance of its public schools is more comparable with older suburban towns than to other cities in New Jersey. The City is very attractive as a residential location due in part to its location. Rents are high, and all buildings built after about 1975 are exempt from rent control.

The Metropolitan campus of Fairleigh Dickinson University straddles the Hackensack River in both Hackensack and Teaneck. Hackensack is also the home of the New Jersey Naval Museum and the World War II submarine USS Ling. Astronaut Walter Schirra is perhaps Hackensack's most famous native son.

Contents

Geography

Hackensack is located at (40.887797, -74.047978).[10]

It is bordered by Paramus, River Edge, Teaneck, Bogota, Ridgefield Park, Little Ferry, South Hackensack, Hasbrouck Heights, Lodi, and Maywood.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.3 square miles (11.2 km2), of which, 4.1 square miles (10.7 km2) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.5 km2) of it (4.41%) is water.

Demographics

As of the census[6] of 2000, there were 42,677 people, 18,113 households, and 9,545 families residing in the city. The population density was 10,358.3 people per square mile (3,999.4/km2). There were 18,945 housing units at an average density of 4,598.2/sq mi (1,775.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 52.61% White, 24.65% African American, 0.45% Native American, 7.45% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 9.71% from other races, and 5.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 25.92% of the population.

The Hispanic population of Hackensack draws largely from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and the Dominican Republic, but includes immigrants from most or all Spanish-speaking countries. In some portions of central Hackensack such as the city's housing project on Newman Street, neighborhoods are transitioning from African-American to Latino. Census data from 2010 has not yet been released, but based on enrollment changes in the school system, the city's Hispanic population is likely to be at least 33%. The highest concentration of Hispanics are in the areas within a few blocks south and west of the Courthouse, and around Anderson Park, with some blocks being majority Hispanic.

The city's Asian population is about 10%, with the largest representation from India, the Philippines, China, and Korea. The area between Hackensack University Medical Center and the Maywood border, south of Beech Street, has the highest concentration of Asian population.

The White population is extremely diverse and largely mainstream in character. Persons of Italian, Irish, German, Jewish, English, and Polish background exist in substantial numbers, but every European nation is represented in Hackensack. A great many persons of white background either don't identify strongly with an ethnic ancestry or have ancestry from two or more European countries. The northern and western portions of the city, and the area southeast of Route 80, have the highest numbers of white persons. New construction of apartments and condominiums near the downtown center has rebounded the white population there to some degree, and this trend is likely to continue.

Areas that are majority African-American occupy approximately 5% of the City of Hackensack by land area. These areas are located entirely in the geographic center of the city. They comprise of well-kept older homes and a few small apartment buildings. The vicinity of Carver Park, 99% black as recently as 1990, is still over 80% African-American despite significant immigrant influx. Most of the residential neighborhoods of the city vary from less than 5% African-American to around 15%. The city's black population also includes immigrants from Jamaica, other Caribbean islands, and Africa. The city's African-American population has become more middle-class over the past 30 years, and less concentrated geographically.

Historical populations
Census Pop. %±
1850 2,265
—
1860 3,558 57.1%
1870 4,929 38.5%
1880 4,248 −13.8%
1890 6,004 41.3%
1900 9,443 57.3%
1910 14,050 48.8%
1920 17,667 25.7%
1930 24,568 39.1%
1940 26,279 7.0%
1950 29,219 11.2%
1960 30,521 4.5%
1970 36,008 18.0%
1980 36,039 0.1%
1990 37,049 2.8%
2000 42,677 15.2%
Est. 2009 42,839 [5] 0.4%
Sources [11][12][13][14][15]

There were 18,113 households out of which 21.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.8% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.3% were non-families. 39.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the city the population was spread out with 18.2% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 38.4% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 98.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $49,316, and the median income for a family was $56,953. Males had a median income of $39,636 versus $32,911 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,856. About 6.8% of families and 9.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.1% of those under age 18 and 10.3% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Local government

Hackensack operates under the 1923 Municipal Manager Law form of New Jersey municipal government. The City Council consists of five members who are elected to four-year terms on a concurrent basis in non-partisan elections.[2] This form of government separates policy making (the work of the Mayor and City Council) from the execution of policy (the work of the City Manager). This maintains professional management and a City-wide perspective through: nonpartisan election, at-large representation, concentration of executive responsibility in the hands of a professional manager accountable to the Mayor and Council, concentration of policy making power in one body: a five-person Mayor and Council. In the several decades in which the City has used the Municipal Manager Form of Government, Hackensack has had only nine City Managers.

The Mayor of the City of Hackensack is Marlin Townes(term of office ends June 30, 2013).[16] Other members of the Hackensack City Council are Deputy Mayor Karen Sasso(2013), John Labrosse(2013), Jorge E. Meneses (2013) and Michael Melfi(2013).[17][18]

The Bergen County Court House

Mayor candidate Joseph DeFalco died suddenly of heart failure on the morning of the election in 2005, creating shocking news throughout the community. DeFalco was also the Principal of Hackensack High School. He was elected despite the news. His running mates agreed to create a rotation under which each of the four surviving members of the New Visions for Hackensack slate would serve for a year as Mayor, creating a series of firsts for the City. Townes took office in 2005 as the city's first black mayor, and Sasso became the first female mayor in 2006. Meneses became Hackensack's first Hispanic mayor when he was sworn in on July 1, 2007, and Melfi took the reins as mayor in 2008.[19]

Frank Zisa served as Mayor from 1977 to 1981, Fred Cerbo from 1981 to 1989, and John F. "Jack" Zisa from 1989 to 2005.

Former Assemblyman Charles "Ken" Zisa served as Chief of the Hackensack Police Department from his 1995 appointment to replace John Aletta until May 2010 when he was suspended without pay on charges of official miconduct and insurance fraud.Tomas Padilla has been appointed the acting officer in charge while the police department is being monitored by the Bergen County Prosecutors office; Chief .[20][21][22]

Federal, state and county representation

Hackensack is part of New Jersey's 37th Legislative District and is in the Ninth Congressional District.[23]

New Jersey's Ninth Congressional District is represented by Steve Rothman (D, Fair Lawn). New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Frank Lautenberg (D, Cliffside Park) and Bob Menendez (D, Hoboken).

The 37th Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the New Jersey Senate by Loretta Weinberg (D, Teaneck) and in the New Jersey General Assembly by Valerie Huttle (D, Englewood) and Gordon M. Johnson (D, Englewood).[24] The Governor of New Jersey is Chris Christie (R, Mendham).[25] The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey is Kim Guadagno (R, Monmouth Beach).[26]

Bergen County's County Executive is Dennis McNerney (D).[27] The executive, along with the seven-member Board of Chosen Freeholders administer all county business. As of 2010, Bergen County's Freeholders are Chairman James M. Carroll (D, Demarest), Vice-Chairwoman Elizabeth Calabrese (D, Wallington), John Driscoll, Jr. (R, Paramus), David L. Ganz (D, Fair Lawn), Robert G. Hermansen (R, Mahwah), Bernadette P. McPherson (D, Rutherford) and Tomas J. Padilla (D, Park Ridge).[28] Other countywide elected officials are Sheriff Leo P. McGuire (D), Surrogate Court Judge Michael R. Dressler (D, Cresskill) and County Clerk Kathleen Donovan (R, Rutherford).[29]

Politics

As of April 1, 2006, out of a 2004 Census estimated population of 43,681 in Hackensack, there were 17,933 registered voters (41.1% of the population, vs. 55.4% in all of Bergen County). Of registered voters, 4,838 (27.0% vs. 20.7% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,945 (10.8% vs. 19.2% countywide) were registered as Republicans and 11,142 (62.1% vs. 60.1% countywide) were registered as Undeclared. There were eight voters registered to other parties.[30]

On the national level, Hackensack leans strongly toward the Democratic Party. In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 71% of the vote here, defeating Republican George W. Bush, who received around 28%.[31]

Education

The Hackensack Public Schools serve students in kindergarten through twelfth grade. Schools in the district (with 2005-06 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[32]) are four K-4 elementary schools — Fairmount Elementary School (540 students), Fanny Meyer Hillers School (452), Jackson Avenue Elementary School (407) and Nellie K. Parker Elementary School (445) — 5ive 6ix School serves grades 5 and 6 (647), Hackensack Middle School serves grades 7 and 8 (715) and Hackensack High School for grades 9-12 (1,854).

The high school serves students from Hackensack, Maywood, Rochelle Park and South Hackensack.[33] Students from Teterboro may attend either Hackensack High School or Hasbrouck Heights High School.

The Bergen County Academies, a public magnet high school located in Hackensack, serves the high-school population of Bergen County, as part of the Bergen County Technical Schools district.

The Metropolitan campus of Fairleigh Dickinson University straddles the Hackensack River in both Hackensack and Teaneck.

The First Baptist Church runs a large K-12 school called Hackensack Christian School at Union Street and Conklin Place. It attracts Christian families from all over Hackensack and Bergen County. There is only one Catholic K-8 school left in Hackensack, St. Francis. Two others have been closed down, along with Our Lady Queen of Peace in Maywood.

The YCS George Washington School is a fully accredited, nonprofit, private school for classified students ages 5–14 who are experiencing behavioral and/or emotional difficulties. Its population consists of students who reside at the YCS Holley Child Care and Development Center in Hackensack and students within the surrounding communities whose needs cannot be adequately met in special education programs within their districts.

Transportation

The city is served by three train stations on New Jersey Transit's Pascack Valley Line, two of them in Hackensack. Anderson Street Station serves central Hackensack while Essex Street Station serves southern portions of the city. The New Bridge Landing Station, located adjacent to the city line in River Edge also serves the northernmost parts of Hackensack, including The Shops at Riverside.

New Jersey Transit buses include lines 144, 157, 162, 163, 164, 165 and 168 serving the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan; the 175, 178 and 182 to the George Washington Bridge Bus terminal; the 76 to Newark; the 83 route to Jersey City; and local service on the 709, 712, 751, 752, 753, 755, 756, 762, 770, 772 and 780 lines.[34] Many of the bus routes stop, originate and terminate at the Hackensack Bus Terminal, a regional bus station.

Interstate 80, Route 17, Route 4, and County Route 503 serve Hackensack, while there are many other main roads in Hackensack.

The Passaic-Bergen Rail Line is a planned rail system that will have two stops in Hackensack.[35]

Emergency services

Fire

Ambulance

The Hackensack Volunteer Ambulance Corps Inc. provides emergency medical services to Hackensack and other nearby towns through mutual aid agreements. The Corps operates nightly 6pm-6am, and 24 hours on Saturday and Sundays[36]. Daytime EMS is provided by the Hackensack University Medical Center's ambulance service seven days a week (overlapping volunteer coverage on weekends). Both the Hackensack University Medical Center and Hackensack Volunteer Ambulance Corps are dispatched by MICCOM, the Northern New Jersey Mobile Intensive Care Communications. MICCOM provides dispatch and emergency medical call taking with pre-arrival instructions and updates.

History

HackensackNJ.gif

The first inhabitants of the area were the Lenni Lenape, an Algonquian people (later known as the as the Delaware Indians) who lived along the valley of what they called the Achinigeu-hach, or "Ackingsah-sack", (today the Hackensack River) [37] A representation of Chief Oratam of the Achkinhenhcky appears on the Hackensack municipal seal.[38][39]

Settlement by the Dutch West India Company in New Netherland on west banks of the North River (Hudson River) across from New Amsterdam (present-day lower Manhattan) began in the 1630s at Pavonia, eventually leading to the establishment of Bergen (at today's Bergen Square in Jersey City) in 1660.[40]

Oratam, sagamore of the Lenni Lenape, deeded the land along mid-Hackensack River to the Dutch in 1665. The area was soon taken by the English in 1667, but kept its Dutch name. Philip Cartaret, governor of what became the proprietary colony of East Jersey granted land to Captain John Berry in the area of Achter Kol[41] and soon after took up residence and called it "New Barbadoes," after having resided on the island of Barbadoes. In 1669, a deed was confirmed for the large tract (2260 acres) given earlier to Sarah Kiersted in gratitude for her work as emissary and interpreter by Oratam.[42] [43]Other grants were given at the English Neighborhood.[44][45][46]

In 1675, the East Jersey Legislature established the admistrative districts: (Bergen, Essex, Middlesex, and Monmouth). In 1683, Bergen (along with the three other counties) was officially recognized as an independent county by the Provincial Assembly.[47] The seal of Bergen County bearing this date includes an image of an agreement between the settlers and the natives.

New Barbadoes Township, together with Acquackanonk Township, were formed by Royal Charter on October 31, 1693.[48][49]

The neighborhood that came to be known as the village of Hackensack (today the area encompassing Bergen County's municipal buildings in Hackensack) was a part of Essex County until 1710, when Bergen County, by royal decree of Queen Anne of Great Britain, was enlarged and the Township of New Barbadoes was removed from Essex County and added to Bergen County.

In 1710, the village of Hackensack in the newly formed Township of New Barbadoes was designated as being more centrally located and more easily reached by the majority of the Bergen County’s inhabitants, and hence was chosen as the county seat of Bergen County (as it remains today). During the American Revolutionary War, George Washington headquartered in the village of Hackensack in November 1776 during the retreat from Fort Lee via New Bridge Landing and camped on 'The Green' across from the First Dutch Reformed Church.

The New Jersey Legislature passed a school act in 1894. Each village, borough, town, or city in New Jersey was delegated responsibility for its own public schools through the office of the county superintendent. One result of the 1894 Act was the formation of Hackensack High School in the village of Hackensack in the Township of New Barbadoes.

Over the centuries, after many departures, secessions, and de-annexations due to what is now referred to as Boroughitis, all that was left of New Barbadoes Township was the village of Hackensack and its surrounding neighborhoods (Fairmount, Red Hill, Cherry Hill). In 1898, former State Senator Johnson was instrumental in efforts for New Barbadoes to acquire the southwestern portion of what is now the City of Hackensack from Lodi Township. This area is south of Essex Street from the bend of Essex Street to the Maywood border. The final parcel lost by New Barbadoes Township was the northeastern corner of what is now Little Ferry.

An act of the State Legislature incorporated the Fairmount Section of New Barbadoes with the Hackensack Improvement Commission, and eliminating New Barbadoes Township as a political entity.

On November 21, 1921, based on the results of a referendum held on November 8, 1921, New Barbadoes Township received its charter to incorporate as a city and officially took on its name “Hackensack,” a name derived from its original inhabitants, the Lenni-Lenape, who named it "Ackingsah-sack."[48].

In 1933, Hackensack adopted the Strong Manager form of government, with 5 Council persons all elected at-large. The council then chooses the mayor from among themselves.

Points of interest

Hackensack's Church On The Green

First Dutch Reformed Church (“Church on The Green”); built 1696. In 1696 Major Berry donated land for the First Dutch Reformed Church,[50] erected in that same year, (which still stands in Hackensack today as the oldest church in Bergen County and the second oldest church in New Jersey). The following is list of notable people buried in the Church's adjoining cemetery:

North Jersey Media Group. Bergen County’s largest newspaper, The Record, called Hackensack its home until just a few years ago. Its enormous 33-acre campus is now largely abandoned and likely to be redeveloped for mixed use office/retail/residential, in associated with the river walkway project. The North Jersey Media Group (NJMG) publishes two daily newspapers; 41 local newspapers; a magazine, (201) The Best of Bergen; and operates several local web sites. Scheduled tours of their printing facility are available to groups.

New Jersey Naval Museum[55] and the World War II submarine USS Ling, a Balao class submarine, and several smaller water vessels and artifacts. The museum is open select weekdays for group tours.

Other points of interest within the city include the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack River County Park, Borg's Woods Nature Preserve, the Church on the Green, the Ice House rink, and the Bergen County Courthouse.

The Shops at Riverside (formerly known as Riverside Square Mall), is an upscale shopping center located at the intersection of Route 4 and Hackensack Avenue at the northern edge of the city along the Hackensack River. The mall, which is in the process of a fairly significant expansion, is anchored by a number of high-end department stores and restaurants, including Bloomingdale's, Saks Fifth Avenue, Tiffany & Co., Pottery Barn and Barnes & Noble. The mall is known for its marble floors, and attracts a great many upper income shoppers from Manhattan and Northern Bergen County.

Bergen County Jail is a detention center for both sentenced and unsentenced prisoners. It is located on South River Street. The County is in the process of moving the County Police from the northern end of the city to a new site across from the Jail. The former site will be redeveloped as a "transit village" complex associated with the New Bridge Landing rail station.

Local media

Radio station WNYM at 970 AM, is licensed to Hackensack and has its transmitter in the city. The station is currently owned by Salem Communications with a Conservative Talk format. During the 1970s, it played a Top 40 music format for several years, competing (unsuccessfully) with Top 40 powerhouse 77 WABC (AM).

Hackensack in popular culture

Hackensack has been mentioned in the lyrics of songs by several musical artists, many of whom have lived in New Jersey or New York City. The town was home to the original Van Gelder recording studio at 25 Prospect Avenue[56] where the jazz musicians Sonny Rollins and Thelonious Monk recorded some of their landmark work. Monk recorded a tribute to Rudy Van Gelder entitled "Hackensack". Other notable examples of Hackensack in songs include:

Furthermore, the Danish rockband Hackensack has taken their name from the town.

Hackensack also appears in movies, books and television.

Stanley, the waiter, to Happy Loman in Act 2, "But I know you, you ain't from Hackensack. You know what I mean? "

Notable residents

Notable current and former residents of Hackensack include:

References

  1. ↑ "Hackensack", FDU Magazine, Fall / Winter 2001. Accessed June 14, 2007. "Billed as “A City in Motion,” Hackensack has been on the move since before the founding of the United States."
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2005 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, April 2005, p. 157.
  3. ↑ City Manager, City of Hackensack. Accessed September 18, 2007.
  4. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: City of Hackensack, Geographic Names Information System, accessed September 18, 2007.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Census data for Hackensack city, United States Census Bureau. Accessed October 12, 2009.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  7. ↑ A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed July 14, 2008.
  8. ↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  9. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Template.cfm?Section=Find_a_County&Template=/cffiles/counties/usamap.cfm. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  10. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2005-05-03. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  11. ↑ Francis A. Walker, Superintendent of Census (1872). "Ninth Census Volume I. The Statistics of the Population of the United States; Table III. Population of Civil Divisions Less Than Counties" (ZIP). U.S. Census Bureau. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1870a.zip. Retrieved 2008-08-18. 
  12. ↑ Robert P. Porter, Superintendent (1891). "Population of The United States by Minor Civil Divisions" (ZIP). U.S. Census Bureau. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1890d9.zip. Retrieved 2008-08-18. 
  13. ↑ Wm. C. Hunt, Chief Statistician for Population. "Fourteenth Census of The United States: 1920; Population: New Jersey; Number of inhabitants, by counties and minor civil divisions" (ZIP). U.S. Census Bureau. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/41084506no553.zip. Retrieved 2007-03-21. 
  14. ↑ New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1930 - 1990, Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network. Accessed March 1, 2007.
  15. ↑ Census of 1850, United States Census Bureau. Accessed January 2, 2008.
  16. ↑ Welcome to the City of Hackensack, City of Hackensack. Accessed July 2, 2008.
  17. ↑ Mayor and City Council, City of Hackensack. Accessed July 2, 2008.
  18. ↑ "County of Bergen: 2008 County and Municipal Directory", Bergen County, New Jersey, p. 46. Accessed July 5, 2008.
  19. ↑ Sposito, Sean. Townes, Sasso, Meneses, and Melfi were re-elected in 2009, along with John LaBrosse, who ran as an opposition candidate. "Hackensack swears in its first Hispanic mayor", The Record (Bergen County), July 2, 2007. Accessed July 2, 2007. "Members of the City Council have been rotating the mayoralty since running mate Joe DeFalco's fatal heart attack on election day 2005. Traditionally, in Hackensack a mayor is appointed after the council is elected. But DeFalco's sudden death left the New Visions for Hackensack ticket in disarray. Councilman Marlin Townes served until June 2006, becoming the city's first black mayor. He was followed by Karen Sasso, who became the city's first woman mayor. She handed over the reins to Meneses on Sunday.... Newly appointed Deputy Mayor Michael R. Melfi will take his turn as mayor next in what Sasso describes as a "tag team" of politicians."
  20. ↑ Shuman, Marah. "MAYOR'S BROTHER TO BE ACTING COP CHIEF; OFFICER WHO WANTS JOB PLANS TO SUE HACKENSACK", The Record (Bergen County), May 10, 1995. Accessed April 2, 2008.
  21. ↑ Mosk, Matthew. "ZISA VOWS TO FOCUS ON COMMUNITY POLICING", The Record (Bergen County), December 19, 1995. Accessed April 2, 2008.
  22. ↑ Police Department, City of Hackensack. Accessed April 2, 2008.
  23. ↑ 2008 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, New Jersey League of Women Voters, p. 58. Accessed September 30, 2009. 2009 world hacky sack champions.
  24. ↑ "Legislative Roster: 2010-2011 Session". New Jersey Legislature. http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/members/roster.asp. Retrieved 2010-07-05. 
  25. ↑ "About the Governor". New Jersey. http://www.nj.gov/governor/about/. Retrieved 2010-01-21. 
  26. ↑ "About the Lieutenant Governor". New Jersey. http://www.nj.gov/governor/lt/. Retrieved 2010-01-21. 
  27. ↑ Bergen County Executive, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed May 26, 2010.
  28. ↑ Freeholder Home Page, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed May 26, 2010.
  29. ↑ Constitutional Officers, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed May 26, 2010.
  30. ↑ "County of Bergen: Voter Statistics by Municipality, Ward & District," dated April 1, 2006.
  31. ↑ 2004 Presidential Election results: Bergen County New Jersey Department of Law and Public Safety: Division of Elections, dated December 13, 2004.
  32. ↑ Data for the Hackensack Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed May 5, 2008.
  33. ↑ Hackensack High School 2006 Report Card Narrative, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed February 12, 2008. "Hackensack High School serves the communities of Hackensack, South Hackensack, Maywood and Rochelle Park."
  34. ↑ Routes by County: Bergen County, New Jersey Transit. Accessed September 9, 2008.
  35. ↑ Superville, Denisa R. (September 20, 2008). "Residents get scoop on light rail line". http://www.northjersey.com/news/Residents_get_scoop_on_light_rail_line.html. Retrieved September 22, 2008. 
  36. ↑ "Hackensack Volunteer Ambulance Corps Inc.". http://www.hackensackvac.org. Retrieved 2009-02-16. 
  37. ↑ http://www.bergencountyhistory.org/Pages/indians.html Bergen County Hist Society: Indigenous People of Bergen County accessed 2010-0901
  38. ↑ The Origin of New Jersey Place Names: H, GetNJ.com. Acecssed July 2, 2007.
  39. ↑ Cheslow, Jerry. "If You're Thinking of Living In/Hackensack, N.J.; After Long Decline, Downtown Rebounds", The New York Times, May 3, 1998. Accessed July 2, 2007. "Hackensack is named for the Achkinhenhcky branch of the Leni Lenape Indians, who traded with Dutch settlers along the Hackensack River as far back as the 1660s. The portrait of their chief, Oratam, who negotiated a treaty with English and Dutch settlers in 1690, appears on the municipal seal."
  40. ↑ "Bergen Township". New Jersey City University. http://www.njcu.edu/Programs/jchistory/Pages/B_Pages/Bergen_Township.htm. Retrieved 2010-09-01. 
  41. ↑ "Historical marker of Achter Col "colony"". Historical Marker Database. http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=7128. Retrieved 2010-09-02. 
  42. ↑ Women’s Center News: a Publication of Women's Rights Information Center Englewood, New Jersey; www.womensrights.org
  43. ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/01/nyregion/do-you-know-these-women.html
  44. ↑ http://popenoe.com/NYfamilies/Edsall.htm
  45. ↑ http://www.jerseyhistory.org/findingaid.php?aid=0944
  46. ↑ "Brief History of Ridgefield". ridgefieldonline.com. http://www.ridgefieldonline.com/history-of-dumont.html. Retrieved 2010-28-02. 
  47. ↑ History of Bergen County, accessed 2010-09-01
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 "The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968", John P. Snyder, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 78-79 re Hackensack, p. 82 re New Barbadoes.
  49. ↑ Edited by Harvey, Cornelius Burnham. Genealogical History Of Hudson And Bergen Counties New Jersey: INTRODUCTION OF TOWNSHIP GOVERNMENTS, Originally published in 1900. Access 2010-09-01
  50. ↑ Photographic Inventory: Hackensack First Reformed Church, accessed August 7, 2006.
  51. ↑ Enoch Poor burial site, accessed August 7, 2006.
  52. ↑ Find-A-Grave information for Enoch Poor, accessed August 7, 2006.
  53. ↑ Col. Richard Varick burial site, accessed August 7, 2006.
  54. ↑ Find-A-Grave information for Richard Varick, accessed August 7, 2006.
  55. ↑ Hackensack, New Jersey: 300 Years of Modern History, accessed August 27, 2007.
  56. ↑ Dan Skea "Rudy Van Gelder in Hackensack: Defining the Jazz Sound in the 1950s", Musicological Studies, 71/72, Spring 2001-Spring 2002, p.54-76
  57. ↑ Blowen, Michael. "PRYOR STEALS 'BREWSTER'S MILLIONS'", The Boston Globe, May 22, 1985. Accessed May 5, 2008. "Pitcher Montgomery Brewster (Richard Pryor), a dead ringer for Satchel Paige until he throws the ball, plays for the Hackensack Bulls in the mythical Jersey League."
  58. ↑ FILM REVIEW; Carrying a Torch for a Malevolent Doll, The New York Times, October 17, 1998.
  59. ↑ [1]
  60. ↑ Warren Boroson; Author and Journalist. Accessed June 2, 2007.
  61. ↑ Adam Boyd, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 22, 2007.
  62. ↑ via Associated Press. "Phil Carey, 83, Longtime ‘One Life to Live’ Star, Dies", The New York Times, February 13. 2009. Accessed February 13, 2009.
  63. ↑ Harold Dow profile, 48 Hours (TV series). Accessed October 11, 2007. "Dow was born in Hackensack, N.J. He attended the University of Nebraska at Omaha."
  64. ↑ Zinser, Lynn. "PRO FOOTBALL; For Giants' Finn, There's No Place Like Home", The New York Times, September 6, 2003. Accessed October 14, 2007.
  65. ↑ Dave Fiore profile, database Football. Accessed June 14, 2007.
  66. ↑ "Fitzhugh, Author, Is Victim Of Stroke At Oradell Home", copy of article from The Record (Bergen County), July 7, 1950. Accessed April 2, 2008.
  67. ↑ Wojnarowski, Adrian. "Fontana fulfilling dream in Italy", The Record (Bergen County), February 21, 2006. Accessed December 11, 2007. "Figure skater Silvia Fontana, right, a resident of Hackensack, enjoying a break from training with her coach, Robin Wagner."
  68. ↑ Mike Fratello, Basketball-Reference.com. Accessed November 1, 2007.
  69. ↑ Zan, Stewart. "The state of jazz: Meet 40 more Jersey greats", The Star-Ledger, September 28, 2003. Accessed June 14, 2007.
  70. ↑ Lindsey, Caroline. "VETERAN MUSICIAN GRISMAN CONTINUES INNOVATION", Greensboro News & Record, August 14, 2003. Accessed July 5, 2008.
  71. ↑ Archibald C. Hart, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed July 28, 2007.
  72. ↑ Matt Herr Legends of Hockey. Accessed December 18, 2007.
  73. ↑ John Huyler, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 2, 2007.
  74. ↑ "FREDERICK A. OBER DEAD.; Noted Ornithologist and Explorer, Who Discovered New Bird Species.", The New York Times, June 2, 1913.
  75. ↑ Dave Scott, database Football. Accessed January 16, 2008.
  76. ↑ Weber, Bruce. "Douglas Watt, New York Theater Critic, Dies at 95", The New York Times, October 2, 2009. Accessed October 5, 2009.
  77. ↑ Broussard, Chris. "Why Pros Spent 20 Years Shunning High Schoolers", The New York Times, November 16, 2003. Accessed November 19, 2007. "Willoughby, 46, now lives in relative anonymity in a two-bedroom apartment in Hackensack, N.J."

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